Molecular genetic and taxonomical relationship among selected Setaria species using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR’s) and microsatellite (SSRs) markers

Foxtail millet is small diploid (2n = 2x 18), one of the oldest domesticated, self-compatible, C4 Panicoid cereal grains in Eurasia. Change climatic conditions, ecological degradation, overexploitaion, and commercial cultivation has led to genetic loss landraces as well wild relatives cultivated crops. Established relations among species are prerequisites for their future breeding programs improve cultivars. Therefore, there an urgent need conserve plant resources sustainable agriculture. Keeping view, we collected seven different Setaria that include S. italica, viridis, sphacelata, pumila, glauca, verticillata, intermedia from Andhra Pradesh, India. The specimens were examined identification taxonomically described. In present study, trait “awn” was used a key taxonomic character differentiation two viz., verticillata intermedia. Earlier merged verticillata. We observed tremendous variation phenotypic traits weedy, wild, landrace, cultivars germplasm, indicating potential genotypic variation. To confirm variation, selected sps genotyped through ISSR SSR markers. average number amplicons amplified markers 3.75 2.45 alleles per locus, respectively. Polymorphic information content Shannon index (I) had value 0.34, 0.46, 0.58, Gene flow relatively high (Nm > − 1.0). Two-way cluster analysis separated 12 accessions into significant clusters using combined marker systems agreed with Principal coordinate analysis. An Analysis molecular variance confirms substantial species. Morphological almost similar